OSINT source-reliability matrix.

Provenance

4 / 4

Independence

4 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

4 / 4

Existence, status, officers or filings within the register’s scope.

Caution: A register reflects its rules, date and submitted information; it does not prove every real-world activity.

Check an entity →

Provenance

4 / 4

Independence

4 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

4 / 4

Establish a decision, proceeding and published outcome.

Caution: Check jurisdiction, date, appeal status, anonymisation and exact scope.

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Provenance

4 / 4

Independence

3 / 4

Freshness

4 / 4

Evidence

4 / 4

Official position, alert, statistic or instruction within a defined field.

Caution: Separate observed data, institutional communication and recommendation.

Check an entity →

Provenance

4 / 4

Independence

2 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Statements, accounts, governance and events published by the entity.

Caution: Primary evidence of the statement, but interested in its interpretation.

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Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

2 / 4

Freshness

4 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Declared channels, offers, positions and operational information.

Caution: Verify the domain or account and preserve the dated version.

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Provenance

4 / 4

Independence

2 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

4 / 4

Establish the content of a statement or act at a given time.

Caution: Authenticate issuer, integrity, version and production context.

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Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

3 / 4

Freshness

4 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Context, attributed testimony, chronology and reporting.

Caution: Return to cited sources and distinguish reporting, opinion, wire copy and correction.

Assess a claim →

Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

3 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Technical or sector context and expert interpretation.

Caution: Check expertise, method, funding and proximity to the subject.

Assess a claim →

Provenance

4 / 4

Independence

3 / 4

Freshness

2 / 4

Evidence

4 / 4

Method, limitations, findings and state of knowledge for a defined question.

Caution: Check review status, sample, replication, date and fit to the case.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

4 / 4

Freshness

2 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Show that a page or version was archived at a given date.

Caution: An archive may be incomplete and does not prove author, intent or every loaded resource.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

4 / 4

Freshness

4 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Dates, technical relationships and visible changes in public infrastructure.

Caution: A technical relationship proves neither common ownership nor common intent.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

4 / 4

Independence

3 / 4

Freshness

4 / 4

Evidence

4 / 4

Compare structured observations with explicit method, date and variables.

Caution: Check definitions, coverage, series breaks, licence and missing values.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

3 / 4

Freshness

4 / 4

Evidence

2 / 4

Understand a lived observation and guide verification.

Caution: Memory, perception and witness interest require corroboration and context.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

2 / 4

Independence

2 / 4

Freshness

4 / 4

Evidence

2 / 4

Establish that an account displayed content at a given time.

Caution: Identity, actual author, context and account integrity may remain uncertain.

Assess a claim →

Provenance

1 / 4

Independence

1 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

1 / 4

Identify a lead or narrative to verify, not a conclusion.

Caution: Do not attribute, republish or treat as fact without independent sourcing.

Assess a claim →

Provenance

2 / 4

Independence

2 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

1 / 4

Guide analysis when model, version and validity domain are known.

Caution: A score alone proves neither authenticity, manipulation nor origin.

Check an AI answer →

Provenance

4 / 4

Independence

4 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

4 / 4

Published subject, buyer, timetable and award within a procedure.

Caution: A notice does not prove delivery or outcome of the contract.

Check an entity →

Provenance

4 / 4

Independence

4 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

4 / 4

Published finding or measure by an authority within its remit.

Caution: Check date, appeal status, scope and later corrections.

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Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

2 / 4

Freshness

4 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

History of files, versions and claims associated with a project.

Caution: A public account or repository can be copied, abandoned or misattributed.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

2 / 4

Freshness

4 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Published versions, declared maintainers and dependencies for a package.

Caution: A maintainer name alone does not establish real identity.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

4 / 4

Independence

3 / 4

Freshness

4 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Dated certificate issuance and names covered at that time.

Caution: A certificate proves neither current ownership nor an active service.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

2 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Observed domain, subdomain and address relationships over time.

Caution: Coverage varies by collector; shared addresses can create false links.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

1 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

2 / 4

Distribution and wording of a story carried by several outlets.

Caution: Identical republications are not independent corroboration.

Assess a claim →

Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

2 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Measures reported by a platform under its own method and period.

Caution: Examine the publisher’s categories, denominators and incentives.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

4 / 4

Independence

3 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

4 / 4

Product, affected versions, mitigations and publication date in a notice.

Caution: A notice reflects its publisher’s known scope; it does not prove a particular asset is exposed.

Check an entity →

Provenance

4 / 4

Independence

3 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Facts, data categories and period reported by the responsible organisation.

Caution: An initial notice may be revised as investigation continues.

Check an entity →

Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

2 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Creative, dates and displayed advertiser within a platform’s transparency scope.

Caution: The library may be incomplete and a displayed advertiser does not prove brand approval.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

3 / 4

Freshness

4 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Technical route and authentication results of a preserved message.

Caution: Successful domain authentication does not prove the request itself is legitimate.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

2 / 4

Freshness

4 / 4

Evidence

2 / 4

Publicly advertised address or service at a recorded observation time.

Caution: A current answer need not describe a past configuration or actual ownership.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

3 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Content, format and metadata of a file received before known transformation.

Caution: Metadata may be absent or altered and does not establish authorship on its own.

Preserve evidence →

Provenance

2 / 4

Independence

2 / 4

Freshness

4 / 4

Evidence

2 / 4

Experience or opinion attributed to an account in a given service context.

Caution: One review alone does not establish a real transaction, identity or coordinated campaign.

Assess a claim →

Provenance

3 / 4

Independence

3 / 4

Freshness

3 / 4

Evidence

3 / 4

Published method, sources and reasoning for a specific claim.

Caution: The conclusion depends on the exact claim tested, available sources and publication date.

Assess a claim →